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25 guides~2.3 hrs totalupdated Jul 3, 2026
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Vector Database for RAG: When to Ditch the List (Part 4)

A vector database for RAG earns its place when persistence, filters, or scale demand it. Move the Part 1 list store to Chroma and add hybrid search.

Intermediate · 9 min
AI Engineering
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Intermediate7 minSemantic Chunking & Re-Ranking for Better RAG (Part 3) Updated 16 OctSemantic chunking and cross-encoder re-ranking break the retrieval ceiling fixed-size chunks hit, with a hit-rate eval showing which to reach for first.Beginner3 minPython Environment Setup for AI Agents: The 5-Minute Primer (2026) The one setup every AI agent tutorial assumes: install Python, create a virtual environment, install packages, and add your API key with a .env file — in about five minutes.Intermediate8 minBuild a RAG System in Python From Scratch (Part 1) Updated 16 OctBuild a RAG system in Python from scratch, no framework. Four functions that chunk, embed, store, and retrieve over your own docs, then answer with an LLM.Intermediate7 minRAG Chunking & Retrieval Quality: Fix Bad Answers (Part 2) Corrected 16 OctFix RAG chunking to stop wrong answers. Use fixed-size windows, overlap, and a 10-line retrieval eval. The model was never the problem; the chunks were.Beginner4 minPydantic BaseModel: A Primer for AI Agent Developers (2026) A Pydantic BaseModel primer for AI agent developers: define a model, validate data, and turn messy LLM output into a clean, typed Python object.Beginner7 minWhat Is RAG in AI? A Practical Developer’s Guide (2026) Updated 16 OctWhat is RAG? A developer's guide to retrieval-augmented generation: why LLMs need it, the retrieve-augment-generate loop, and a runnable RAG in 25 lines.Beginner3 minPython Decorators: A Primer for Reading AI Agent Code (2026) A Python decorators primer for reading AI agent code: what the @ symbol does, how @tool and @app.get work, and why frameworks hand you decorators to apply.Beginner5 minAsync and Await in Python: A Primer for AI Agent Code (2026) An async and await in Python primer for reading AI agent code: what async def, await, and asyncio.run mean, and the two mistakes beginners always hit.Beginner4 minDocker for Python: A Primer for Shipping AI Agents (2026) A Docker for Python primer: what images and containers are, how to write a Dockerfile for an app, and why agents ship in containers — explained simply.Beginner6 minEmbeddings and Vector Search: A Primer for AI Agents (2026) Updated 16 OctAn embeddings and vector search primer: how text becomes vectors, how similarity search finds meaning not keywords, and why agent memory and RAG rely on it.Beginner4 minHTTP and Bearer Tokens: A Primer for Python Devs (2026) An HTTP and bearer token primer for Python devs: methods, status codes, JSON bodies, and how an Authorization Bearer header authenticates an API call.Beginner4 minLLM API Keys: Set Up OpenAI, Anthropic & Gemini (2026) An LLM API key primer: where to get OpenAI, Anthropic, and Gemini keys, how to load one safely with python-dotenv, and how to avoid a leaked-key bill.Beginner4 minOAuth 2.1 in Plain English: A Primer for Developers (2026) An OAuth 2.1 primer in plain English: access tokens, scopes, the client–server–authorization flow, and how it protects an API or MCP server from anyone.Beginner4 minPytest and CI: A Primer for Testing AI Agents (2026) A pytest and CI primer: write a first test, run it, and wire it into GitHub Actions so every pull request is checked automatically — explained for beginners.Beginner4 minPython Type Hints: A Primer for Reading AI Agent Code (2026) A Python type hints primer for reading AI agent code: function hints, Optional, Union, TypedDict for message lists, and how frameworks use them.Beginner3 minPython Virtual Environments: venv, pip & uv Primer (2026) A Python virtual environment primer: why venv exists, how to create and activate one, install packages with pip or uv, and avoid the classic setup traps.Beginner5 minFrom Scratch to LangGraph: When to Stop Hand-Building Agents From scratch to LangGraph: the four walls that tell you when to use LangGraph instead of a hand-built Python agent loop — and when plain Python is still the right call.Beginner7 minAI Agent Loop in Python: Build a ReAct Agent From Scratch Build an AI agent loop in Python from scratch: a framework-free ReAct agent that thinks, calls a tool, observes the result, and repeats until the job is done.Beginner7 minAI Agent Memory in Python: Short-Term Memory From Scratch Add AI agent memory in Python from scratch: keep the conversation in a messages list, then trim and summarize older turns to fit the model's context window.Intermediate7 minCrewAI Tutorial: Build a Multi-Agent Team in Python (2026) CrewAI tutorial: build a 3-agent team in Python — researcher, writer, and editor — with runnable 2026 code, and exactly when a crew is overkill.Beginner6 minPython for AI Agents: The Basics to Read the Code (Part 0) The Python for AI agents you actually need to read the code: dicts, functions, type hints, loops, async, and setup — explained simply for beginners.Beginner6 minCall an LLM in Python: The First Building Block of an Agent Call an LLM in Python with real OpenAI and Anthropic code: system vs user prompts, temperature, JSON output, and why one call isn't yet an agent.Beginner7 minTool Calling in Python: Make an LLM Use Your Functions Tool calling in Python from scratch: define a tool, parse the model's request, run your function, and return the result — with real, current OpenAI code.Beginner5 minAgentic AI Roadmap 2026: Worth It + the Exact Path An honest agentic AI roadmap for 2026: is it worth learning, the exact path from Python to a deployed agent, what to skip, and the tools that matter.

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