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AI Engineer Foundations

RAG, agents, evals and serving, taught by building each one in Python and then answering the questions interviewers ask about it.

by the endYou can build, measure and explain a retrieval pipeline, a tool-using agent, an evaluation loop and a cost-aware serving design, and you can answer the interview questions on each without memorising.

SK
Sukhveer Kaur
Software Developer & AI Engineer
6
Modules
48 +5
Lessons (+coming)
~5 h
Total read
Intermediate
Level

Before you start: You write Python at work and have called an HTTP API. Module 0 covers the rest.

48 lessons
Start → Python Environment Setup for AI Agents: …
  1. Module 0 — Setup and the Python you need

    8 · ~35 min · optional

    Optional. Skip if you already run virtual environments, type hints and async without thinking.

    you canA working environment, API keys in place, and enough Pydantic and async to read every code sample in the course.

    1. Python Environment Setup for AI Agents: The 5-Minute Primer (2026)Lesson · 4 min
    2. Python Virtual Environments: venv, pip & uv Primer (2026)Lesson · 4 min
    3. LLM API Keys: Set Up OpenAI, Anthropic & Gemini (2026)Lesson · 4 min
    4. Pydantic BaseModel: A Primer for AI Agent Developers (2026)Lesson · 4 min
    5. Python Type Hints: A Primer for Reading AI Agent Code (2026)Optional · 5 min
    6. Async and Await in Python: A Primer for AI Agent Code (2026)Optional · 5 min
    7. HTTP and Bearer Tokens: A Primer for Python Devs (2026)Optional · 5 min
    8. Docker for Python: A Primer for Shipping AI Agents (2026)Optional · 4 min
  2. Module 1 — Retrieval-augmented generation

    9 · ~58 min

    Build a RAG pipeline from a list of strings to a vector database, and measure why most of them answer badly.

    you canYou can explain chunking, embeddings, retrieval and re-ranking with a hit-rate number you measured yourself.

    1. What Is RAG in AI? A Practical Developer's Guide (2026)Lesson · 6 min
    2. Embeddings and Vector Search: A Primer for AI Agents (2026)Lesson · 4 min
    3. Build a RAG System in Python From Scratch (Part 1)Lesson · 8 min
    4. RAG Chunking & Retrieval Quality: Fix Bad Answers (Part 2)Corrected 16 OctLesson · 6 min
    5. Semantic Chunking & Re-Ranking for Better RAG (Part 3)Lesson · 6 min
    6. Vector Database for RAG: When to Ditch the List (Part 4)Lesson · 7 min
    7. Agentic RAG: Why Static Retrieval Isn't Enough (2026)Optional · 6 min
    8. Local RAG: Chat With Your Documents 100% Privately (2026)Capstone: chat with your own documents, fully local.Capstone · 5 min
    9. RAG Interview Questions & Answers (2026): Strong vs WeakInterview · 10 min
  3. Module 2 — AI agents

    14 · ~94 min

    Write the agent loop by hand, then rebuild it on LangGraph with tools, memory, guardrails and an API.

    you canYou can draw the reason-act-observe loop, explain where it fails (loops, bad tool calls, cost) and show an agent you deployed.

    1. What Are AI Agents? Complete Guide for Developers (2026)Lesson · 6 min
    2. Call an LLM in Python: The First Building Block of an AgentLesson · 6 min
    3. Tool Calling in Python: Make an LLM Use Your FunctionsLesson · 7 min
    4. AI Agent Loop in Python: Build a ReAct Agent From ScratchLesson · 7 min
    5. AI Agent Memory in Python: Short-Term Memory From ScratchLesson · 7 min
    6. LLM Structured Outputs: Validated JSON in Python (2026)Lesson · 4 min
    7. From Scratch to LangGraph: When to Stop Hand-Building AgentsLesson · 5 min
    8. Build an Agentic AI App in Python: Zero to Production (Part 1)Lesson · 9 min
    9. Build an Agentic AI App in Python: FastAPI, Docker & Deploy to Production (Part 2)Lesson · 9 min
    10. AI Agent Guardrails in Python: Input & Output ValidationLesson · 9 min
    11. Build an Agentic AI App in Python: Multi-Agent Systems (Part 3)Optional · 8 min
    12. Build an Agentic AI App in Python: AI Agent Memory (Part 4)Optional · 7 min
    13. AI Agent vs Workflow: What's the Actual Difference? (2026)Optional · 5 min
    14. Build a Customer Support AI Agent in Python (2026)Capstone: a support agent with tools, memory and escalation.Capstone · 5 min
    15. AI Agent Interview Questions (2026): Strong vs Weak Answerscoming soonInterview
  4. Module 3 — Evaluation and observability

    5 · ~34 min

    Stop guessing whether a change helped. Golden sets, deterministic checks, LLM judges, and a CI gate that blocks bad PRs.

    you canYou can name the metrics (faithfulness, context precision and recall, pass rate), build a golden set, and gate a deploy on it.

    1. How to Evaluate an AI Agent: Metrics & Frameworks (2026)Lesson · 9 min
    2. Pytest and CI: A Primer for Testing AI Agents (2026)Lesson · 4 min
    3. AI Agent Observability & Evals in Python (Part 6)Lesson · 7 min
    4. AI Agent Evals in CI: Block Bad PRs with GitHub ActionsLesson · 6 min
    5. Evaluate an AI Agent on a Local LLM: Free, No API Key (2026)Capstone: an eval suite that runs free on a local model.Capstone · 8 min
    6. LLM Evaluation Interview Questions (2026)coming soonInterview
  5. Module 4 — Serving and system design

    10 · ~67 min

    Cost and latency move together. Caching, rate limits, scaling and a gateway, applied to an LLM feature, then deployed.

    you canYou can design a model-serving path with caching, routing and an eval hook, name the lever that moves each number, and deploy it.

    1. System Design Building Blocks: A Decision Map, Not a Parts List (2026)Lesson · 6 min
    2. Caching Strategies: Why Invalidation Is the Hard Part (2026)Lesson · 7 min
    3. Load Balancers Explained: Health Checks Do the Real Work (2026)Lesson · 5 min
    4. Rate Limiting Explained: Token Bucket, Leaky Bucket, and When Each Wins (2026)Lesson · 5 min
    5. Horizontal vs Vertical Scaling: Scale Up Until You Can't (2026)Lesson · 5 min
    6. AI Gateway Design: One Front Door for Every Model (2026)Lesson · 8 min
    7. Context Engineering Architecture: A 2026 GuideCorrected 16 OctOptional · 5 min
    8. Build an MCP Server in Python: Production-Ready in 2026Updated 16 OctOptional · 7 min
    9. Deploy AI Agent to Cloud Run or Fly.io (Python 2026)Capstone: deploy the Module 2 agent to Cloud Run or Fly.io.Capstone · 8 min
    10. LLM System Design Interview: The Five-Layer Answer (2026)Corrected 16 OctInterview · 11 min
  6. Module 5 — Put it on your CV

    2 · ~10 min

    Turn the four capstones into a portfolio and a prep plan for the interview rounds.

    you canA portfolio of four working projects you can talk about, and a schedule for the five interview rounds.

    1. AI Engineering Portfolio Projects That Get Interviewscoming soonLesson
    2. AI Engineer Behavioral Interview: Presenting the Project You Builtcoming soonInterview
    3. The AI Engineer Interview Prep Plan (2–4 Weeks)coming soonLesson
    4. AI Engineer Interview Questions (2026): RAG & AgentsInterview · 5 min
    5. AI Engineer Salary 2026: Real Numbers by LevelOptional · 5 min

Preparing for interviews specifically? The AI Engineer Interview Questions (2026): RAG & Agents hub lists every round; each module above ends with the questions for its round.

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